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CHOOSE THE RIGHT OUTPUT VOLUME
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CHOOSE THE RIGHT OUTPUT VOLUME

My experience indicates that an output volume of -20dB gives a volume that avoids distortion of the signal.

The music industry nowadays has focused a lot on -5/-10/0dB, which is based on old knowledge based on analogue technology.

Analogue technology requires as high a signal as possible to avoid noise, while digital technology allows a very low signal, without noise occurring.

There is also a difference between analog and digital distortion; the analogue is bad enough, but the digital is far worse and intolerable - it destroys perspective, among other things, and makes the sound cold and lifeless.

Moreover, the higher the digital resolution, the less distortion occurs, as the threshold is raised with increased resolution.

This is the main difference between 16 bit and 24 bit, while I prefer 32 bit, which gives a significantly lower distortion; the higher the bit, the less distortion.

As said, there is no reasonable reason to use an output volume of -5dB, because noise does not occur at lower levels with digital technology.
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KEYBOARDS, SYNTHS & MODULES I HAVE HAD AND HAVE
Casio CTK 811-ex ||| Roland EXR-7 76 ||| Yamaha DGX-620 ||| Yamaha PSR-550 ||| Yamaha PSR-S700 ||| Korg Pa800 ||| Korg Pa3X 61 ||| Deebach XMS-Pro ||| Ketron Ajamsonic ||| Casio WK-7500 ||| Yamaha Tyros5 61 ||| Ketron Audya5 61 ||| Yamaha PSR S950 ||| Solton X8 Chromatic ||| Yamaha Tyros4 10th Anniversary ||| Korg Pa4X 61 ||| Roland BK-7m ||| Technics KN-6000 ||| Technics KN-7000 ||| Roli Seaboard RISE 49 ||| Deebach MAX Plus ||| Yamaha Genos ||| Korg Pa700 ||| Korg Kronos2 73 ||| Tyros4 61 ||| Deebach BlackBox ||| Korg Pa2X Pro ||| Yamaha A3000 ||| Ghenos Plus ||| Medeli AKX10 ||| Korg Nautilus 73 ||| Yamaha DGX-670 ||| Korg Krome EX-88 ||| Korg OASYS 76 ||| Korg PaBugX 76 (OS 1.4 (mandatory)) ||| Yamaha Tyros1 ||| Ketron Audya 76 (Own developed OS) ||| Yamaha PSR-3000 ||| Yamaha 9000 Pro

MY PA EQUIPMENT NON-ACTIVE AND ACTIVE
All USB equipment connected to USB Isolator ||| Aune S6 32 bit DAC ||| MOTU 32 bit Audio Interface ||| FM Acoustics FM 300A Power amp (Clone) ||| MBL 6010 Pre Amp (Clone) ||| STAX SR-L300 (Lambda) electrostatic headphones with STAX SRM-252S Amplifier ||| beyerdynamic T70 headphones (without pads) ||| Baffle horns equipped with Seas Exotic 8" fullrange units (MeloDavid clones) ||| JBL horns with Planar membranes ||| Fountek NeoPro 5i ribbon tweeters with Planar membranes ||| Hexagonal subwoofer with 12 pieces Push&Pull coupled Seas Prestige 8" units, 1 item 10" slave unit and built-in XTZ power amplifiers & Cambridge Azur 640A as pre amplifier ||| Yamaha HS-5 active monitors connected to all keyboards
[-] The following 8 users Like Chello's post:
  • blacky5599 (09-23-2025), eax (10-13-2024), Fiore (12-05-2024), Hugh Wallington (01-04-2025), musicalmemoriesuk (10-13-2024), Roshure (10-13-2024), seva (11-30-2024), welsh wizard (10-13-2024)
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